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Chinese in the Russian Revolution and in the Russian Civil War

1919 White Army propaganda poster. Chinese soldiers wearing queues and blue-gold uniforms are depicted executing a prisoner and shoveling bones as a demonic Leon Trotsky looms above.

There are a number of reports about the involvement of Chinese detachments in the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War. Chinese served as bodyguards of Bolshevik functionaries,[1][2] served in the Cheka,[3] and even formed complete regiments of the Red Army.[4] It has been estimated that there were tens of thousands of Chinese troops in the Red Army,[5] and they were among the few groups of foreigners fighting for the Red Army.[6]

Other notable examples of foreigners serving in the Red Army include Koreans in the Russian Far East,[7][8] Czech and Slovak nationals, Hungarian communists under Béla Kun, Red Latvian Riflemen as well as a number of other national detachments.[9] By the summer of 1919, the Red Army comprised over a million men. By November 1920, it comprised over 1.8 million men.[10] Foreign soldiers did not make up a significant bulk of the Red Army, and the majority of the soldiers of the Red Army fighting in the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War were Russians.[6]

  1. ^ Пын Мин. История китайско-советской дружбы. М., 1959. (Peng Ming, "History of the Chinese-Russian Friendship", translation from Chinese, Moscow, Sotsekgiz, 1959, original: "Zhong-su yu she", Pekin, 1957 (in Russian)
  2. ^ Россия и мир глазами друг друга: Из истории взаимовосприятия / Под ред. А.В. Голубева; РАН. Ин-т рос. истории. - М., 2000. Вып. 1. - 365 с. ISBN 5-8055-0043-4, Chapter IV, Section "The Perception of China by USSR Political Elite[permanent dead link]" (in Russian)
    • "Chinese detachments, together with Latvians and other nationals guarded the Soviet government already in 1917-1918"
  3. ^ Donald Rayfield, Stalin and His Hangmen: The Tyrant and Those Who Killed for Him, Viking Press 2004: ISBN 0-670-91088-0 (hardcover)
    • "In 1919, 75 percent of the Cheka's central management was Latvian. When Russian soldiers refused to carry out executions, Latvian (and Chinese force of some 500 men) were brought in."
  4. ^ Lukin, Alexander (2002). The Bear Watches the Dragon: Russia's Perceptions of China and the Evolution of Russian Chinese Relations since the Eighteenth Century. China: M.E. Sharpe. p. 98. ISBN 0-7656-1026-4.
  5. ^ "Книга для учителя. История политических репрессий и сопротивления несвободе в СССР. - М.: Издательство обьединения "Мосгорархив", 2002. - 504 с.", p. 95 Archived 31 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine (quoted from the book: Попов Н.А. "Они с нами сражались за власть Советов". Л., 1959. p.p 42, 83, 94) (in Russian)
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference BrianMurphy was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Ким М.Т. Корейские интернационалисты в борьбе за власть Советов на Дальнем Востоке (1918-1922). М., 1979 (in Russian)
  8. ^ German Kim (1999) "The History of Korean Immigration", Book 1, Second half of 19th Century – 1945", Almaty, Dayk-Press
  9. ^ "National detachments of the Red Army and Cheka"
  10. ^ Krivosheev. Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century. p. 11. "Personnel Strength[s] of the Fighting Troops" and "Personnel Strength[s] of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Republic" (both figures including naval infantry, internal security, etc.)

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